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#idempotency

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10 articles

Distributed Transactions Part 5: The Idempotency Layer

Part 5: The Idempotency Layer In distributed systems, retries are not edge cases. They are normal behavior caused by timeouts, network partitions, broker redelivery, and process restarts. Without idempotency, each retry…

Apr 20, 20263 min read

Deep DiveDistributed Transactions Mastery

#idempotency#api-design#kafka

System DesignIntermediate

System Design: Designing Idempotent APIs for Reliable Services

System Design: Designing Idempotent APIs In a distributed system, network failures are inevitable. A common failure scenario is: "The client sends a request -> The server processes it -> The server's response fails to re…

Apr 20, 20262 min read

Deep DiveBackend Systems Mastery

#system-design#api-design#idempotency

System DesignAdvanced

System Design: Designing a Global Payment Gateway (Stripe Scale)

System Design Masterclass: Designing a Payment Gateway (Stripe) Designing a system to serve photos or short URLs is fundamentally about optimizing for read-latency and disk space. If a user's photo fails to load, they re…

Apr 20, 20265 min read

Case StudyBackend Systems Mastery

#system-design#fintech#payment-gateway

System DesignAdvanced

System Design: Building an Inventory Reservation System

Inventory looks easy until traffic spikes. A product has 10 units. Ten customers should be able to buy it. The eleventh should not. In practice, that clean rule gets blurred by carts, payment retries, partial failures, s…

Apr 10, 202616 min read

Deep Dive

#system design#inventory#ecommerce

System DesignAdvanced

System Design: Building an Email Delivery Platform

Sending one email is easy. Sending millions of emails reliably, legally, and without damaging your domain reputation is a system design problem. Email delivery touches product workflows, background jobs, third-party prov…

Apr 8, 202610 min read

Deep Dive

#system design#email delivery#queues

System DesignAdvanced

System Design: Building a Distributed Job Scheduler

A job scheduler sounds simple: run this task at this time. In production, that becomes a distributed systems problem. Nodes crash after claiming work. Clocks drift. Jobs overlap. Cron expressions are ambiguous. Tenants n…

Apr 8, 202611 min read

Deep Dive

#system design#job scheduler#distributed systems

System DesignAdvanced

System Design: Building a Usage Metering and Billing Platform

Usage-based billing looks straightforward: count what the customer used and charge them for it. In production, it becomes one of the most sensitive systems in the company. If usage is undercounted, you lose revenue. If i…

Apr 8, 20269 min read

Deep Dive

#system design#billing#usage metering

System DesignAdvanced

System Design: Building a Webhook Delivery Platform

Webhooks look simple from the outside: "When something happens, send an HTTP POST to the customer's URL." In production, that sentence becomes a distributed delivery system. Customers have slow endpoints, invalid TLS cer…

Apr 8, 202611 min read

Deep Dive

#system design#webhooks#event driven architecture

System DesignAdvanced

Idempotency Keys in APIs: Retries, Duplicate Requests, and Exactly-Once Illusions

Any API that changes state will eventually receive the same request more than once. Mobile clients retry on flaky networks. Load balancers retry after connection resets. Users double-click. Workers crash after doing the…

Apr 7, 20267 min read

Deep Dive

#idempotency#api design#distributed systems

System DesignAdvanced

Designing Idempotent Payment Systems in Distributed Architecture

Duplicate payments are not a theoretical edge case. In any distributed payment system operating at scale, they are a guaranteed occurrence. Networks time out. Clients retry. Proxies retry on behalf of clients. Load balan…

Apr 26, 202511 min read

Deep Dive

#payments#idempotency#distributed systems